Rethinking How we Serve the Neurodivergent Community: Interview with Samantha Rizzi
Rethinking How we Serve the Neurodivergent Community: Interview with Samantha Rizzi
June 2024, Luxembourg
“Autistic thinkers habitually see and hear with an environmental bandwidth that dwarfs their neurotypical counterparts. They perceive widely, warmly, and with an earnest curiosity that treats the more-than-human world as a phenomenal network to be engaged, not a menu of resources to be exploited”.
- Chris Martin, “The Listening World: Neurodivergent Voices for a More-Than-Human World”
Our guest this month is Samantha Rizzi — a gentle, luminous companion in the exploration of the human nervous system. She shares her story of navigating life with a neurodivergent compass and being a clinical psychologist. Her words are not just revelatory but offer strategies for building warmhearted inclusivity and serving the neurodivergent community. She sheds light on the much-needed shift from viewing autism purely in terms of deficits to appreciating and valuing these inherent strengths.
It’s high time we rethink our perspective on how we support the neurodivergent community. What we often label as social deficits, such as focusing intensely on specific aspects of the environment, can be viewed as strengths that expand our capacity for care. Instead of expecting people with autism to adapt to a dubious standard of normalcy, we should consider how their unique perspectives can contribute to a richer dialogue about our collective identity and our ability to navigate a complex, diverse world.
With this interview we hope to start a larger and more invigorating conversation about who “we” are and how we’re changing to meet an increasingly complex and diverse world, how we can encompass the vastness of our experiences and ensure the inclusion of diverse voices, rhythms, and intensities to create a harmonious and thriving society.
Samantha Rizzi is a clinical psychologist with more than 17 years of experience working with autistic and ADHD individuals, an inspiring speaker and author. She is also an active member of the Luxembourg Society of Psychology.
Can you share the story of what led you to choose this career path? Was there a particular moment or event that influenced your decision to enter this field?
From a young age, I've always been captivated by the human mind and its many ways of functioning. My journey into psychology, especially focusing on autism spectrum disorders, is deeply personal. Being neurodivergent myself, diagnosed with ADHD and ASD, I've experienced firsthand the challenges and misunderstandings that often come with these conditions.
A significant turning point in my life was when I experienced burnout and depression, which led me to quit my job at the ministry. At the time, I didn't fully grasp why I was struggling so much. It all became clear when I was diagnosed with ADHD and ASD at the age of 31. This diagnosis was a revelation, helping me understand that many of my challenges stemmed from being neurodivergent in a world not designed for people like me.
This realization ignited my passion to create a space where neurodivergent individuals could find understanding and support. It has driven my career ever since. Essentially, I made my special interest my job.
Can you talk to us about your unique journey of navigating life with a neurodivergent compass and being a clinical psychologist – the challenges you’ve encountered and the strengths you’ve discovered along the way?
Navigating life with ADHD and ASD while being a clinical psychologist has been both challenging and incredibly rewarding. One of the biggest hurdles I face is managing my tendency to hyperfocus, which can sometimes lead to burnout and make it difficult to organize my thoughts when I have too many ideas at once. Setting limits and boundaries is crucial for maintaining my well-being.
However, these experiences have also become my greatest strengths. They allow me to connect with my clients on a deeper level, offering empathy and understanding that comes from shared experiences.
As a deep-feeler, I find immense satisfaction in helping others and learning from them, which in turn allows me to learn about myself. My neurodivergence enhances my creativity, problem-solving skills, and ability to think outside the box. Additionally, my passion for my work and my ability to hyperfocus have been invaluable. When I'm deeply engaged in a project or with a client, my hyperfocus lets me dive into the details and develop innovative approaches to therapy and diagnosis.
Resilience and perseverance are key strengths I’ve developed over time. Despite the challenges, I’ve learned the importance of acceptance—both self-acceptance and fostering an environment of acceptance for my clients. These strengths have been crucial in my practice, enabling me to provide high-quality, personalized care to my clients.
How do the diagnostic criteria for autism often fail to capture the ways autism manifests in girls and women? Can you discuss specific traits or behaviors that are frequently overlooked or misinterpreted by clinicians?
The diagnostic criteria for autism often fail to capture how autism manifests in girls and women because they are largely based on studies of boys. This results in a significant oversight of how autism presents differently across genders. For example, girls and women are more likely to engage in social camouflaging, where they mask their autistic traits to fit in with their peers. This can lead to misdiagnosis or late diagnosis, as their behaviors are often interpreted through the lens of gender norms rather than neurodivergence.
Specific traits frequently overlooked include intense interests in socially acceptable topics, such as animals or literature, which might not raise red flags for clinicians. Additionally, girls are often expected to be more socially adept and empathetic, which can mask underlying autistic traits. As I mentioned in my interview with Tageblatt, there is no "autistic prototype." Autism is a spectrum, and each individual presents uniquely. This diversity means that many autistic girls and women don't fit the stereotypical image of autism, leading to their struggles being misunderstood or ignored.
Moreover, societal expectations and gender norms play a significant role in how autism is perceived and diagnosed. Girls are often socialized to be more compliant and less disruptive, which can hide their difficulties. They might also be more adept at mimicking social behaviors, further complicating the diagnostic process. This masking can lead to significant mental health issues, such as anxiety and depression, due to the constant effort required to fit in.
How do social expectations and gender norms affect the way autism manifests in girls and women?
Social expectations and gender norms play a significant role in how autism presents in girls and women. From early childhood, girls are often socialized to be more cooperative, empathetic, and communicative. They are encouraged to engage in social play, build relationships, and be emotionally expressive. These expectations can pressure autistic girls to suppress behaviors that are seen as socially inappropriate or disruptive.
Society also often places a higher value on social skills for girls compared to boys. Girls are expected to be more socially skilled, which can lead them to put extra effort into learning and mimicking social cues.
Finally, girls are more likely to internalize social norms and expectations, which can lead to increased anxiety and stress when they feel they do not meet these standards. The constant effort to conform can result in significant mental health issues, such as anxiety, depression, and burnout. The internalization of these norms can also lead to a sense of identity loss, as autistic girls may feel disconnected from their authentic selves.
Can you explain the concept of social camouflaging? What are the long-term effects of social camouflaging on mental health?
As mentioned earlier, girls and women are more likely to engage in social camouflaging, where they mask their autistic traits to fit in with their peers. This behavior often stems from societal expectations and gender norms, which can lead to misdiagnosis or late diagnosis as their behaviors are interpreted through a neurotypical lens. Social camouflaging involves mimicking social behaviors, suppressing stims, and forcing oneself to adhere to social norms, which can be mentally and emotionally exhausting.
The long-term effects of social camouflaging on mental health can be profound. Constantly hiding one’s true identity requires significant mental and emotional effort, leading to chronic stress, anxiety, and, over time, more serious mental health issues such as depression and burnout. The effort to fit in can erode self-esteem and lead to a sense of identity loss, as individuals may feel disconnected from their authentic selves.
Additionally, the energy expended in camouflaging can result in significant fatigue and emotional exhaustion. This masking behavior can prevent individuals from seeking the support they need, as their struggles may not be visible to others.
How does the intersection of autism with other identities (e.g., race, sexuality, socioeconomic status) affect the experiences of autistic women and girls? Can you discuss any specific challenges faced by autistic women of colour or those from marginalized communities?
While I don't currently have many clients from diverse racial or socioeconomic backgrounds in my practice, I do work with several LGBTQ+ clients who face significant challenges. In my practice, I've observed that autistic individuals who also identify as LGBTQ+ face a lack of understanding and support for their dual identities, leading to increased mental health issues such as anxiety and depression. The intersection of autism and LGBTQ+ identities can complicate social interactions and self-acceptance. Many of my LGBTQ+ clients report feeling misunderstood or marginalized, both within the autism community and the LGBTQ+ community. This dual marginalization can exacerbate feelings of isolation and stress, making it essential for support systems to be inclusive and affirming of all aspects of their identity.
In Luxembourg, the primary challenge is the lack of specialists and resources dedicated to autism. The healthcare system here is not as equipped to handle the diverse needs of autistic individuals, particularly those from marginalized communities. This shortage of specialists means that many autistic individuals, regardless of their background, may not receive timely or adequate support.
How can workplaces be more accommodating and supportive of autistic women, particularly in terms of career advancement and workplace culture?
Workplaces can become more accommodating by fostering an inclusive culture that values diversity and provides tailored support. Flexible work arrangements, such as remote work options, flexible hours, and part-time opportunities, can help autistic women manage their energy levels and personal routines. Sensory-friendly environments are also crucial; providing quiet spaces, noise-canceling headphones, adjustable lighting, and personalized workstations can significantly enhance comfort and productivity. Clear communication is essential, utilizing direct instructions, regular check-ins, and visual aids to ensure understanding and reduce ambiguity.
Mentorship and career development programs can play a pivotal role in supporting autistic women. Establishing mentorship programs that pair autistic women with experienced colleagues can provide invaluable guidance and support. Career development workshops focusing on networking, public speaking, and leadership skills tailored to the needs of autistic women can promote professional growth. Additionally, offering skill-building opportunities through training sessions, certifications, and continuing education courses can further enhance their career prospects.
Creating an open dialogue and educating staff about neurodiversity is vital. Implementing neurodiversity training and awareness campaigns can promote understanding and acceptance within the workplace. Developing inclusive policies that protect the rights of neurodivergent employees and fostering peer support groups can provide a sense of community and belonging. Creative solutions such as job crafting, feedback loops, and appointing neurodiversity champions can ensure that autistic employees' needs are met. Utilizing technology and tools like assistive technology and task management apps can also support productivity and communication, helping autistic women thrive in their careers.
For autistic women who are also mothers, what unique challenges might they face, and what support systems can be beneficial?
Autistic women who are mothers face unique challenges, such as managing sensory sensitivities while caring for their children, navigating social expectations, and balancing their own needs with those of their family. Sensory sensitivities can make everyday parenting tasks, like dealing with loud noises or chaotic environments, particularly overwhelming. Additionally, societal expectations around motherhood can add pressure to conform to traditional parenting roles, which may not align with their neurodivergent needs.
Support systems that can be beneficial include access to parenting groups specifically for neurodivergent parents, where they can share experiences and strategies in a supportive environment. Flexible childcare options, such as part-time daycare or in-home childcare services, can provide much-needed respite and allow mothers to manage their sensory needs. Mental health support is also crucial, with access to therapists who understand the unique challenges faced by autistic mothers. Providing resources such as workshops on sensory-friendly parenting techniques and stress management can empower them to navigate their dual roles effectively.
In Luxembourg, where there may be a shortage of specialists, creating online communities and support networks can be incredibly helpful. These platforms can offer a space for autistic mothers to connect, share resources, and seek advice. Additionally, advocating for more inclusive policies and services within local healthcare and educational systems can help address the specific needs of neurodivergent families. Encouraging local organizations to offer tailored support programs and raising awareness about the unique challenges faced by autistic mothers can foster a more understanding and supportive community.
One of the characteristics of autism listed in DSM-5 reads “highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus.” While deep interests in neurotypical individuals are often seen as passions, similar interests in autistic individuals may be considered limitations. How can we shift from a deficit model to one that recognizes and cultivates the strengths in individuals with autism, and how can we support these passions to help them thrive?
Shifting from a deficit model to one that recognizes and cultivates the inherent strengths in individuals with autism requires embracing the neurodiversity paradigm. This paradigm views neurological differences as natural variations of the human brain rather than disorders. In my practice, I use neurodiversity-friendly language and approaches, focusing on understanding and leveraging the unique strengths of autistic individuals. Valuing them for their interests and not shaming them is crucial, as these interests often make them the best experts in their fields.
To support and nurture these passions, we can develop customized learning plans that incorporate the individual's interests, making education more engaging and effective. Offering internships and mentorship opportunities in fields related to their interests provides practical experience and professional growth. Establishing interest-based social groups allows autistic individuals to share their passions with like-minded peers, fostering a sense of community and belonging.
Additionally, creating specialized clubs or societies within schools and communities that focus on specific interests can provide a platform for autistic individuals to deepen their knowledge and skills. Hosting "passion projects" where individuals can present their work to peers and mentors can build confidence and showcase their expertise. Providing access to online courses and resources tailored to their interests can further support their learning and development.
In the workplace, designing roles that align with the strengths of autistic employees and implementing inclusive policies can help them excel and contribute meaningfully. Encouraging companies to create "innovation labs" where employees can work on projects related to their passions can lead to groundbreaking ideas and solutions. By adopting the neurodiversity paradigm and using neurodiversity-friendly language, we can empower autistic individuals to thrive and enrich our communities with their unique talents and perspectives.
What steps need to be taken to create a more inclusive environment that values the unique contributions of autistic individuals?
Creating a more inclusive environment involves several key steps. First, raising awareness and understanding of autism through education and training is crucial. This can include mandatory training programs for educators, healthcare professionals, and employers that focus on the neurodiversity paradigm and the unique strengths of autistic individuals. In Luxembourg, partnering with local organizations and advocacy groups to develop and deliver these training sessions can ensure they are culturally relevant and impactful.
Second, implementing policies that promote accessibility and accommodations in various settings, including schools, workplaces, and public spaces, is essential. For example, schools can adopt sensory-friendly classrooms, flexible seating arrangements, and individualized learning plans. Workplaces can offer flexible work hours, remote work options, and quiet rooms for sensory breaks. Public spaces such as libraries, museums, and parks can create sensory-friendly zones and provide clear signage and quiet times to accommodate autistic visitors. Developing an autism-friendly certification program for businesses and public spaces in Luxembourg can further promote inclusivity.
Third, actively involving autistic individuals in decision-making processes ensures that their voices are heard and their needs are met. This can be achieved by forming advisory councils or committees that include autistic individuals and their families. These councils can provide input on policies, programs, and services, ensuring they are inclusive and effective. In Luxembourg, encouraging local government and organizations to include autistic representatives in their planning and decision-making processes can lead to more inclusive outcomes. Establishing community support networks that connect autistic individuals and their families with local resources, support groups, and services can also provide essential assistance.
Celebrating diversity and recognizing the unique contributions of autistic individuals can help build a more inclusive and supportive society. This can include hosting events such as neurodiversity festivals, art exhibitions, and science fairs that showcase the talents and achievements of autistic individuals. Schools and workplaces can celebrate Neurodiversity Week with activities and presentations that highlight the strengths and contributions of autistic people.
Finally, creating platforms for autistic individuals to share their stories and experiences, such as blogs, podcasts, and public speaking events, can foster greater understanding and appreciation. Public awareness campaigns in Luxembourg that highlight the strengths and contributions of autistic individuals can further challenge stereotypes and promote acceptance.
Publications
The Organized Mind: Time Management for Neurodivergents
Autistic Burnout: Understand, Recognize and Act
Managing Autistic Anxiety: Practical Techniques for Autists
Guide: How to help an autistic person? - EN, FR, DE (free)
Find out more about her work here: Website Instagram Facebook